Map Reading

The eight compass points

• we need to know the eight compass points as

-helps us to know which direction to head towards

-allows us to know the direction of the destination

-know which direction we are at now



• this is a compass thta we use to

-know which direction we are in

-shows us wher the direction of our destination is

-how many degrees is the direction we are looking for to the one we are facing

• this how a compass works

It is basically a navigational instrument that measures directions in a frame of reference that is stationary relative to the surface of the earth. The frame of reference defines the four cardinal directions (or points) – north, south, east, and west. Intermediate directions are also defined. Usually, a diagram called a compass rose, which shows the directions (with their names usually abbreviated to initials), is marked on the compass. When the compass is in use, the rose is aligned with the real directions in the frame of reference, so, for example, the "N" mark on the rose really points to the north. Frequently, in addition to the rose or sometimes instead of it, angle markings in degrees are shown on the compass. North corresponds to zero degrees, and the angles increase clockwise, so east is 90 degrees, south is 180, and west is 270. These numbers allow the compass to show azimuths or bearings, which are commonly stated in this notation.

  (source wikipedia.com )

                                                                                         Map Grid



Or

• The map grid shows the parts of the place seperated into many different bits.
• The smaller squares seperate it event further
• Each of the small squares stand for a certain distance
• To talk about a particular square you call its number at the side and top known as Northing and Easthing respectively

Map Grid Refrerence

• To know how much does each square's distance is, we use the map grid reference.
• From the first picture, at the top, we can see ' 1:24,000 UMT grid '.
• That means that each mark is 100 metres on the map 

here's another clear picture



 And last but not least

 Map Road Symbols

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( I am not so sure if it is used in singapore but for other countries maybe yes)

                                                                  

• used to tell us what that place exactly is and whether it is the place we are looking for